Naturalization & Citizenship

Becoming a U.S. citizen

Becoming a U.S. citizen is one of the most meaningful milestones in an immigrant’s life. It means the right to vote, the ability to travel with a U.S. passport, permanent protection from deportation, and the power to sponsor family members of your own. It’s also a process with strict eligibility rules, detailed paperwork, and a test that can feel intimidating if you’re not sure what to expect.

At The Law Offices of Shirley Sadjadi, P.C., we help clients across Elgin and the greater Chicago area move through the naturalization process with confidence, from confirming eligibility to standing for the Oath of Allegiance. Our entire staff is fluent in both Spanish and English, so you can walk through every step of this important process in the language you’re most comfortable with.

Do You Qualify for Citizenship?

Most green card holders become eligible for naturalization under one of two timelines:
The 5-year rule. You’ve held a green card for at least 5 years, maintained continuous residence in the U.S. during that time, and been physically present for at least 30 months (roughly 913 days) of those 5 years.
The 3-year rule. You’ve held a green card for at least 3 years through marriage to a U.S. citizen, remained married to and living with that same citizen spouse throughout, and been physically present for at least 18 months (roughly 548 days).
Beyond the residency timeline, you’ll also need to show:
You can file Form N-400 up to 90 days before you actually reach your 5-year or 3-year anniversary, which helps account for normal processing time. If your situation involves an unusual travel history, a past legal issue, or uncertainty about which timeline applies to you, that’s exactly the kind of question worth reviewing with an attorney before you file rather than after.

N-400 Application & Naturalization Process

Filing Form N-400 is more than filling in blanks. We start by reviewing your immigration history in detail, confirming your eligibility under the correct 5-year or 3-year timeline, and identifying anything that needs extra attention before it becomes a problem: an old arrest, a gap in continuous residence, an unresolved tax filing, or a trip abroad that lasted longer than expected.

From there, we prepare a complete, accurate application and gather the supporting documentation USCIS will expect: your green card, marriage or divorce records if applicable, certified court dispositions for any arrests, and tax transcripts. Small errors, missing dates, inconsistent addresses, and unreported trips are among the most common causes of delay and Requests for Evidence, so we make sure your application is right the first time rather than corrected after the fact. Once filed, we keep you informed as your case moves through biometrics and toward your interview, so you always know where things stand.

Citizenship Interview & Test Preparation

The naturalization interview is often the part applicants worry about most, and reasonable preparation makes an enormous difference. We walk you through exactly what the officer will ask, how your N-400 answers will be reviewed against your file, and what the English and civics test actually involves.

The test itself has separate components: civics, English reading, English writing, and English speaking, and we make sure you understand what each one requires rather than walking in unsure of the format. If you qualify for an age – or residency-based exemption, such as the shorter civics list available to long-term senior residents, we confirm that applies to you well before your interview date. And if you don’t pass every portion on your first attempt, we explain how the retest process works, so a difficult interview never feels like the end of the road.

Naturalization Denials & Appeals

If your application has already been denied, the first thing we do is read your denial notice carefully to understand exactly why. Some denials stem from a fixable issue, an unresolved tax balance, an incomplete continuous residence period, or a failed test, where the right next step is simply resolving the problem and filing a new N-400 once you’re clearly eligible again.

Others may be worth challenging directly. In those cases, we help you file Form N-336 to request a hearing before a different USCIS officer, within the required 30-day window, and we help you gather any additional evidence or documentation that addresses the examiner’s original concerns. We’ll give you an honest assessment of which path, reapplying or appealing, gives you the stronger chance of success, rather than defaulting to the same approach for every case.

What the Process Looks Like

From filing to the oath, this process commonly takes anywhere from several months to well over a year, depending on your local field office and the specifics of your case.

Common Concerns We Help Clients Navigate

"I have an old arrest or DUI on my record."

A single incident, especially an older one, doesn’t automatically disqualify you, but it does require careful handling. We help you gather the certified court documentation USCIS will expect and present your history honestly and completely.

"I traveled outside the U.S. for an extended period."

A trip of six months or longer can raise questions about whether you broke continuous residence. We help you document your travel accurately and address any concerns before they become a problem at your interview.

"I'm worried about the English or civics test."

This is one of the most common sources of anxiety in the entire process, and it’s also one of the most preparable. We help you understand exactly what to expect and point you toward the right study resources.

Why Work With The Law Offices of Shirley Sadjadi

Bilingual, Personal Attention

Our entire staff speaks Spanish and English fluently, so you're never left guessing what a form or a question actually means.

Thorough Preparation

We look at your full immigration history before USCIS does, so nothing catches you by surprise at your interview.

Support at Every Stage.

From your first consultation through your Oath of Allegiance, we stay with your case.

Honest, Realistic Guidance.

We tell you clearly what to expect, including the aspects of your situation that need extra attention, rather than leaving you to find out at your interview.

Citizenship is worth doing right the first time. Schedule your consultation with an experienced naturalization attorney serving Elgin and the greater Chicago area.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How long do I have to be a green card holder before I can apply for citizenship?
Generally 5 years, or 3 years if you obtained your green card through marriage to a U.S. citizen and remain married to and living with that spouse. You can file up to 90 days before reaching that anniversary.
You’re not left without options. Depending on the reason, you can file Form N-336 to request a hearing within 30 days, or resolve the underlying issue and file a new application once you’re clearly eligible.
Not necessarily. Some offenses create permanent bars, but many create only a temporary, conditional bar during the statutory period. Every arrest needs to be disclosed with certified court documentation, regardless of the outcome.
You’re not immediately denied. USCIS schedules a second interview, generally 60 to 90 days later, and retests you only on the portion you failed.
No. Filing Form N-400 does not jeopardize your permanent resident status. If your application is denied, you remain a green card holder exactly as before.
Yes. Our entire staff is fluent in both Spanish and English, so you can go through the entire process in whichever language you’re most comfortable with.